腰椎间盘突出症的流行病学特征及影响因素分析
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曾祥红,王国华
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北京中西医结合医院，北京，100039
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摘要：腰椎间盘突出症（Lumbar Disc Herniation，LDH）是一种常见的脊柱疾病，主要表现为腰痛、下肢放射痛及感觉运动障碍，是导致成年人工作和生活质量下降的主要原因之一。本文系统综述了腰椎间盘突出症的流行病学特征及其相关危险因素，通过对近年来的相关研究进行分析，总结了腰椎间盘突出症的患病率、发病率、人群分布（年龄、性别、职业）、地域差异以及主要危险因素。结果表明，腰椎间盘突出症在全球范围内具有较高的患病率，且受到年龄、性别、职业特性、生活方式和遗传因素等多方面的影响。了解这些流行病学特征对于制定预防策略、优化医疗资源分配和提高治疗效果具有重要意义。
关健词：腰椎间盘突出症；流行病学；患病率；危险因素；疾病负担 |
Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors analysis of lumbar disc herniation
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Xianghong Zeng,Guohua Wang
Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Abstract： Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) is a prevalent spinal disorder characterized by low back pain, radiating lower limb pain, and sensorimotor dysfunction, representing one of the primary causes of reduced work productivity and quality of life in adults. This systematic review examines the epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors of LDH. Through comprehensive analysis of recent studies, we summarize the prevalence, incidence, population distribution (age, gender, occupation), geographical variations, and major risk factors of LDH. The findings indicate that LDH demonstrates a high global prevalence rate, influenced by multiple factors including age, gender, occupational characteristics, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition. Understanding these epidemiological features is crucial for developing preventive strategies, optimizing healthcare resource allocation, and enhancing treatment efficacy.
Keywords : Lumbar Disc Herniation; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Disease Burden
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